About Our Annuals . I give to you to show my friendship to you, you give back and I trust that you're a friend to me. Return gift for gift.". According to Norse mythology, Thor was the son of Odin, the chief god, and the giantess Jord. Wicca altar decor mythology art, Norse pagan decor, Wood sculpture Jr, Mother goddess statue ad vertisement by Godsnorth. The . It's a special kind of giving where the gift itself is made holy or sacred. Mark Ber Peterson: The Haunted South Hauntings, Urban Legends, History, Folklore and Southern Witchcraft. In the Ynglinga Saga, Snorri Sturluson (1179 - 1241), a famous Icelandic historian, describes the arrival of the Norse gods to Scandinavia and how Freyr founded the Swedish Yngling dynasty at Gamla Uppsala, one of the most important, sacred ancient Viking and Pagan sites in Sweden. The Norse pantheon consisted of a large number of deities, but the exact number of gods is difficult to determine as different sources list varying numbers of gods. ", Since the publication of Jacob Grimm's socio-linguistical Deutsches Wrterbuch (p.638) in 1835, scholarship draws a Balto-Finnic link to seir, citing the depiction of its practitioners as such in the sagas and elsewhere, and linking seir to the practices of the noaidi, the patrilineal shamans of the Sami people. And we wrote another blog on how to perform a Heathen sacrifice here. Connected to the Old Norse religion, its origins are largely unknown, and the practice of it gradually declined after the Christianization of Scandinavia. on the earth below, The Aesir as usually thought of as more war-like, while the Vanir were depicted as gods of fertility and wisdom. He was often depicted as a clever and resourceful figure, but he was also prone to mischief and deceit. Contemporary Paganism, also referred to as Neo-Paganism, is an umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of new religious movements, particularly those influenced by the various pagan beliefs of premodern Europe. It's transforming something of ordinary value into something holy or sacred. The Valkyrie symbol: what is it, and what does it mean? He is often depicted as a warrior god and is associated with the concept of justice and fair play. Image credit: Skandinaviens ldre Historia. In our article aboutAsgard The Ancient Powerful Kingdom Of The Norse Gods, we briefly discussed the relationship between two main groups of Norse gods. Google Trends, which reports on how people use the search engine over time, shows a surge in interest in Norse Paganism starting in 2018. Click the links to learn more about each Holiday. She wore hairy calf-skin shoes on her feet, with long and strong-looking thongs to them, and great knobs of latten at the ends. When Christianity spread throughout Scandinavia, between the 8th and 12th centuries, aspects of Norse Paganism began to disappear. The differences between these two groups must have led to disputes and battles. For most of us that's Thor, Odin, Freyja, Freyr etc. It's not merely giving something. Friday is named for her. He is often depicted as a watchful and vigilant figure, guarding the entrance to Asgard and protecting the gods from their enemies. He is said to have acquired his wisdom and magical abilities through self-sacrifice and extreme acts of self-denial. 5 out of 5 stars (1,624) Sale Price $86.70 $ 86.70 $ 102.00 Original Price $102.00 . The second group of Norse deities, Vanir, is more closely associated with fertility, sexuality and seeing into the future. Beyond those two main groups of gods and goddesses mentioned above, Norse pagans also believe in Jtunn (sometimes loosely translated as giants), as well as other non-human creatures such as elves and dwarves. The stick is used to strike a man three times on his left cheek to make him forget and three times on his right cheek to make him remember. Old Norse mythology and post-conversion literature also attest various forms of magic, including divination, magic affecting nature (weather or otherwise), spells to make warriors impervious to weapons, spells to strengthen weapons, and spells to harm and distress . Strange Tale Of Mysterious Thousand-Year-Old Underground Network Of Caves And Encounters With Subterranean Dwellers, Unexplained Mystery Of The Glowing Woman Who Baffled Scientists, Most Detailed Geological Model Reveals Earths Past 100 Million Years, Ecological Improvement Of Freshwater Ecosystems Benefits Fish And People, Shiitake Mushrooms And Its Evolution A New Study, Scientists Use Satellites To Track Earth Greening Amid Climate Change, Augmented Reality Headset Enables Users To See Hidden Objects. The Christian Bible has an injunction against practicing witchcraft and divination, and that can probably be blamed on the Witch of Endor. Tyr was a significant figure in Norse mythology and was revered for his bravery, courage, and sense of justice. We wrote more about this in our blog on how to become Asatru. Stockholm: Gjthstrm & Magnusson. Or ask people in your community what kinds of prayers they've come up with. See also:Norse gods, giants and goddessesThe Valkyrie symbol: what is it, and what does it mean?Norse names and their meanings. As related in the saga: En er hon kom um kveldit ok s mar, er mti henni var sendr, var hon sv bin, at hon hafi yfir sr tuglamttul bln, ok var settr steinum allt skaut ofan. Tyr and Fenrir, 18th century Icelandic manuscript "NKS 1867 4to". With that said, it could have been used for great good or destructive evil, as well as for daily guidance. Frigg is a Norse goddess of love and fertility. Wigington, Patti. "Pagan Gods and Goddesses." Dagur - God of the daytime, son of Delling and Ntt. Often considered the dark side of Norse Paganism, followers of Rkkatru focus on a third pantheon of deities the underworld gods. Freyja, Cats and Angels, by Nils Blommer (1816-1853). Some of the main paths of Norse Paganism are outlined below. He was said to stand guard at the entrance to Asgard, watching for any threats or dangers that might come to the gods. It takes place after the feast. He is typically accompanied by a pack of wolves, or two ravensHugin and Munin, or thought and memoryand rides on a magical eight-legged horse named Sleipnir. If you found this article useful and want to donate to support the educational work that we do, please consider making a contribution to our general funding or support our mission by joining The Troth today. 12th-Century Tapestry of Odin, Thor and Freyr or three Christian kings on the 12th century Skog Church tapestry. For more elaboration, check out our blog on Heathen prayers. Freyja, for example, is part of the Vanir pantheon. Like inn, the Norse goddess Freyja is also associated with seir in the surviving literature. But feasts don't have to be hosted by a single person or family, it can be a communal feast with everyone contributing what they can. Once he is decapitated, Odin gets wisdom from the severed head. We will have entries on some of these common rituals from our community to help you out and get you started. On her head she had a black hood of lambskin, lined with ermine. Gill, N.S. She is the mother of Balder. In addition to her role as a goddess of love and fertility, Freya was also associated with war and death. Some followers suggest the simplest way to get started with Norse Paganism is to simply allow yourself time to connect with the gods whether thats by meditating, or simply taking a walk in nature. Odin (Old Norse: inn) is the god of wisdom, poetry, death, necromancy, divination, and magic. You can certainly get by just by being a part of the community and learning some basics, but ultimately the "homework" is there to make you confident in building your own practices. And, most importantly: should you also become a Norse Pagan? These gods and goddesses are often associated with social concepts such as war and marriage. He was also believed to be the ruler of Valhalla, the hall of the slain, where he welcomed those who died bravely in battle. Hann var binn me messingu ok settr steinum ofan um knappinn. Old English terms cognate with seir are siden and sidsa, both of which are attested only in contexts that suggest that they were used by elves (lfe); these seem likely to have meant something similar to seir. Sort of like weights, isn't it? Despite his mischievous and sometimes malicious behavior, Loki was also known for his ability to solve problems and bring about resolution. [26] According to Blain, seir is an intrinsic part of spiritual practice connecting practitioners to the wider cosmology in British Germanic Neopaganism.[27]. Ynglings claimed descent from the god Freyr. 8 Common Belief Systems in the Modern Pagan Community, Customs, Traditions and Folklore of Litha. This may explain why some followers embrace elements of Viking style. Though in modern Heathenry, there are a lot of religious elements that go into them, so it's important to go over them so you know what you'll encounter out there. She was known for her wisdom and her ability to see into the future and was sometimes depicted as a seer or prophetess. Now that, methinks, betokens a base nature.". Required fields are marked *. Gill, N.S. However, the impression given fits the Halloween image of a lank-haired, green-skinned disfigured distortion of the elderly. As they are described in a number of other Scandinavian sagas, Saga of Erik the Red in particular, the practitioners connected with the spiritual realm through chanting and prayer. However, Loki, the trickster god, learned of this vulnerability and used it to his advantage. HodHod is a son of Odin. That's somewhat true. Ellen Lloyd - AncientPages.com - Norse legends tell the legendary Ynglings were descendants of the Norse gods and the oldest known Scandinavian King dynasty. and didst there bear children. Let's look atsome of the best-known Gods and Goddesses of the Norse Pantheon. According to Norse mythology, Frigg was the daughter of the giant Fjorgyn and was married to Odin. Gill, N.S. Print Collector / Getty Images / Getty Images. Bragi - The Norse God of poetry and eloquence. Thereafter, Tyr is left-handed. Her vision is not connected explicitly with seir; however, the word occurs in the poem in relation to a character called Heir (who is traditionally associated with Freyja but may be identical with the vlva). In addition to his role as a guardian and protector, Heimdall was also associated with fertility and the cycle of life. According to the story, Baldr had a dream that he would die, and Frigg, his mother, took measures to protect him. Those people usually have a relationship with a particular God that they might refer to as their Patron or their "fulltrui" (fully-trusted one). The gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt were a complex group of beings and ideas. No spam. Freyja - Goddess of love, fertility, and battle. The common man calls upon Thor in preference to his father, Odin. Son of Bor and the giantess (jtunn) Bestla, Odin is the chief of the sir and the king of Asgard. Odin on Sleipnir the 8-legged Horse, from the Historiska Museet, Stockholm. Sometimes known as heathenry, Norse Paganism is based on the old Norse religion that was practised in Scandinavia before Christianity showed up. The dwarves build Freyr a ship, Skidbladnir, that can hold all the gods or fit in his pocket. The closer word to "sacrifice" is "blessing" so that's the theory we are going with. When you first pick up a heavy weight, you might feel weak. Many proponents rave about Ryan Smiths book The Way of Fire and Ice, which acts as a kind of handbook for developing personal practices and building a community around Norse Paganism. In pre-Christian Norse mythology, seir was associated with both the god inn, a deity who was simultaneously responsible for war, poetry and sorcery, and the goddess Freyja, a member of the Vanir who was believed to have taught the practice to the sir.[1]. Yes. [24] Diana L. Paxson and her group Hrafnar have attempted reconstructions of seir (particularly the oracular form) from historical material. [6], Now, when she came in the evening, accompanied by the man who had been sent to meet her, she was dressed in such wise that she had a blue mantle over her, with strings for the neck, and it was inlaid with gems quite down to the skirt. Read more about the different Types of Pagan Deities, so you can figure out which ones you'd like to try working with, depending on your personality and your magical goals. "Pagan Gods and Goddesses." Interestingly, men were frequently ostracized for practicing Seidr, as it was thought to solely be a female practice. He tricked the blind god Hd into killing Baldr with a mistletoe spear, causing great grief among the gods. Vikidia currently has 4,260 articles. MimirMimir is the wise one and Odin's uncle. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Get the Routes North newsletter delivered once a month. Her father was their leader, Njord. So what we can tell you is how some people have done them in the past and how some people do them now. Here is a collection of some of the best known gods and goddesses of modern Paganism, as well as some tips on how to make offerings to them and interact with them. Apart from money-saving tips and advice on planning a trip, youll find independent accommodation reviews, detailed guides to museums and other attractions, plus tips on where to eat and drink. Heimdall was a significant figure in Norse mythology and played a key role in the pantheon of Norse gods. Our travel guides are all researched on the ground by writers who know the areainside-outand speak the local lingo. He was the one who gave them the name. Ad vertisement from shop Godsnorth. Hon hafi hndum sr kattskinnsglfa, ok vru hvtir innan ok lonir. Some characters sometimes presented as Norse deities do not occur in the ancient sources. Odin is also associated with war and death. Seir practitioners were of both sexes, with sorceresses being variously known as vlur, seikonur and vsendakona. Odin has a spear, Grungir, that never misses. If you don't have a specific, written tradition, then how do you know which gods to call upon? Some of the most well-known gods include Odin, Thor, Freya, Loki, Baldr, Tyr, Heimdall, and Frigg. [5] Freyja and perhaps some of the other goddesses of Norse mythology were seir practitioners, inn was accused by Loki in the Lokasenna of being "unmanly" to which Odin replied with: "Knowest thou that I gave Odin, also known as the Allfather, is the ruler of the gods and the god of war, wisdom, and magic. There are about 40 different words for magic and magic users in their language of Old Norse, showing the range of understanding and the importance they placed on it. However it was during the Viking Age that Norse Paganism truly began to expand its reach, with Norse people settling across large parts of Northern Europe. From Vikidia, the encyclopedia for 8 to 13-year-old children that everybody can make better, Lists of Norse gods and goddesses contained in the, https://skjalden.com/freya/#:~:text=Freya%20is%20the%20goddess%20of,%2C%20Freja%2C%20Fr%C3%B6ja%2C%20Fr%C3%B8ya, https://en.vikidia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Norse_gods_and_goddesses&oldid=127190. Whilst most of the Nordic countries have been predominantly Christian for more than 1000 years, there is still a following for Norse pagan gods and their traditional practices. He was sometimes depicted as a phallic figure, and his hammer was seen as a symbol of fertility and masculine power. "Major Gods and Goddesses in Norse Mythology." 04 At such times, it was thought that the witchs layers of inner self left their outer body (what occultists now refer to as astral projection). Hon hafi ftum klfskinnsska lona ok vengi langa ok tinknappar miklir endunum. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Thou was eight winters The worst of the evil witches were sometimes referred to as Troll Wives and were Jtnar rather than human. One of the most famous stories involving Tyr concerns the binding of the giant wolf Fenrir. How to Work With Deities Poseidon is the god of the sea, known as "earth-shaker.". Norwegians consider the Ynglings real historical figures, but in Sweden, the Ynglings have remained mythological. The Norse gods are divided into two major groups, the Aesir and Vanir, in addition to the giants who came first. The Ynglings are also mentioned in Saxo Germanicus,Beowulf, referredto as Scyling. She would also sometimes be described as sp-kona or sei-kona, meaning 'prophecy-woman' and 'magic-woman', respectively. [10] Scholars have highlighted that the staffs have phallic epithets in various Icelandic sagas. According to Norse mythology, seeing this act, Odin was desperate to learn the secrets of the runes. The thing is, a lot of it isn't typically codified and standardized. He courts the giantess Gerd through his servant Skirnir. In many cases these magical practitioners would have had assistants to aid them in their rituals. Norse goddesses are a formidable crew with powers that rival their male counterparts. [1] Freyr - God of fertility. With such a broad range of human (and godly) realms under her dominion, Freyja is looked to for matters ranging from marriage to fortune-telling to the afterlife. victory to cowards? The Yngling Ingjald slaying his kinsmen. Anubis guided the souls of the dead through the underworld. These gods and goddesses are often associated with 'social' concepts such as war and marriage. In recent years online DNA tests, which claim to tell people more about their ancestry, have helped lots of people discover that they have a genetic link to the Nordic countries. [4] Among the Old English words for practitioners of magic are wicca (m.) or wicce (f.), the etymons of Modern English 'witch'. The Norse culture honored a wide variety of gods, and many are still worshipped today by Asatruar and Heathens. Feasting and Symble aren't necessarily "religious" in nature, strictly speaking. Learn Religions, Sep. 9, 2021, learnreligions.com/pagan-gods-and-goddesses-2561985. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Her hall is called ljnir, and is where mortals go who do not die in battle, but of natural causes or sickness. After Baldr's death, the gods attempted to bring him back to life, but they were unsuccessful. The Ynglings were later followed by the House of Muns, a Swedish dynasty whose first ruler was thelegendary and famous Viking Bjorn (Bjrn) Ironside. Published in 2019, it introduces some of the main elements of Norse Paganism, including the runes and the nine realms (or worlds) of Norse cosmology. According to Norse mythology, Baldr was known for his beauty, wisdom, and goodness. As well as celebrating Norse mythology, the group promotes values like fairness, tolerance and acceptance. He is often depicted as a shape-shifter, capable of taking on different forms and using his cunning and deception to achieve his ends. Different types of deities seem to respond best to Different Kinds of Offerings. Prayer can take the form of anything from the spontaneous to the elaborate. In theYnglinga Saga, Snorri Sturluson (1179 1241), a famous Icelandic historian, describes the arrival of the Norse gods to Scandinavia and how Freyr founded the Swedish Yngling dynasty at Gamla Uppsala, one of the most important, sacred ancient Viking and Pagan sites in Sweden. NannaIn Norse mythology, Nanna is the daughter of Nef and Balder's wife. However, it must be stated that these ancient human remains have not been adequately investigated, and scientists have not officially confirmed Ynglings were buried at Gamla Uppsala. These quiet, intelligent, ruthless creatures are her familiars or messenger spirits. Another noted mythological practitioner of seir was Gra, who attempted to assist Thor, and who in the Svipdagsml in a poem entitled Grgaldr "Gra's spell" is summoned from beyond the grave. Improve it! Of course, feel free to reach out to our Clergy if you want to know how they do it. However, there has been a definite increase in the number of people adhering to Norse Paganism in recent years. The practices of these contemporary seir-workers have since been investigated by various academic researchers who are operating in the field of pagan studies. But for the vast majority of modern Norse Pagans, live sacrifice is one part of the religion that will stay firmly in the past. milked cow as a woman, Seir is interpreted differently by different groups and practitioners, but usually taken to indicate altered consciousness or even total loss of physical control. Despite this, he was a frequent visitor to Asgard and was often involved in the affairs of the gods. He put his hand in the mouth of the Fenris wolf. It puts people in a space to talk openly, to share, and to really get to know one another in a space that is safe and supportive. Njord's wife is the giantess Skadi who selects him on the basis of his feet, which she thought belonged to Balder. Pagan Gods and Goddesses. Despite her importance to the gods, Idun does not play a large role in many of the Norse myths and stories. It's there to build you up. When you visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Price noted that, because of its connection with ergi, seir was undoubtedly located on 'one of society's moral and psychological borders'. satr is a new-ish movement that attempts to bring elements of Icelands pre-Christian religion back into the modern world. In addition to his role as a warrior and a god of death, Odin was also associated with poetry and song. Unlike the Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism and Islam), Norse Paganism is a polytheistic religion in other words, followers believe in multiple gods and goddesses. Having website issues? Chances are good that someone is listening. It isnt only scholars and historians who are interested in Norse Paganism. The saga related the line of Swedish kings until Ingjald (Ingjald illrde), after which the descendants settled in Norway and became the ancestors of the Norwegian King Harald Fairhair. In the first Book of Samuel, King Saul of Israel got in some trouble when he sought assistance from the witch and asked her to predict the future. Yngve-Frej, the father of the Ynglings. If youve seen shows like Vikings, you might be forgiven for wondering if Norse Pagans still make sacrifices. She was associated with love, beauty, and fertility, and was often invoked by women seeking to conceive or to improve their fertility. Your email address will not be published. According to Norse mythology, sir and Vanir waged war against each other and eventually merged into one unified group of gods. Son of Odin and husband of Idun. In addition to these major deities, there were also many other gods, goddesses, and supernatural beings associated with the Norse pantheon, such as giants, dwarves, and monsters. As with other religions, there are multiple different branches of modern Norse Paganism (sometimes simply known as heathenry), which all vary slightly in their interpretations and their practices. The host would provide everything from the meal to the entertainment, and this was considered to be an incredible honor. Some religious groups do require oaths, others do not. If you are joining a religious group, their own rules may have you do something like give an Oath to the Gods and to the group. According to Norse mythology, Freya was the daughter of the god Njord and the sister of Freyr, the god of fertility. The primary deities in Wicca are the feminine and masculine aspects of the Divine.These are the Triple Goddess and the Horned God. Divided between the sir and the Vanir, and sometimes including the jtnar (giants), the dividing line between these groups is less than clear. She was married to the god Odr, but after he disappeared, she became known as a goddess of love and fertility. A staff she had in her hand, with a knob thereon; it was ornamented with brass, and inlaid with gems round about the knob. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Njord is a Vanir god of wind and sea. Freyja is identified in Ynglinga saga as an adept of the mysteries of seir, and it is said that it was she who taught it to inn: Dttir Njarar var Freyja. Their pleas and offerings are documented in the hieroglyphs that adorn the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs, in the carvings and inscriptions left for us to read by the philosophers and teachers of ancient Greece and Rome. This is important because it gets at the heart of what giving a gift to the Gods really means. Despite her minor role in the Norse pantheon, Idun continues to be a beloved and enduring figure in Norse mythology. In Lokasenna, according to the Poetic Edda, Loki accuses inn of practising seir, condemning it as an unmanly art (ergi). However, in chapter 44 of the Icelandic saga Vatnsdla saga, rds Spkona loans someone her black cloak and stick (stafsprotann) for magic. A more general term for a male spiritual practitioner was, Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 20:54, "Heimskringla Ynglinga Saga, p. 2, sec. Freyja is sometimes called a witch in the Eddic poems and was much maligned for this by later Christians. The point of the feast is to share each other's company and to enjoy the good things that life has to offer. Here is an article on the Symbel drinking ritual that we wrote! Christianisation was a slow process that took hundreds of years, and modern archaeological digs have revealed that many people across Scandinavia still clung to indigenous beliefs long after Christianity had arrived. And by the time of Christ, obvious hallmarks of Norse Paganism were beginning to take shape (Roman historian Tacitus born in around 56 AD noted that the Germanic peoples were polytheistic). Here are a few tips on Working With Deity. You can find out more and change our default settings with Cookies Settings. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. A gift cycle is a relationship which deepens through shared giving. If I stop giving gifts, or you stop giving gifts, then that trust dissolves and that relationship ceases to grow. So while you may have heard about dwarves, elves and gods such as Odin and Thor, there are many more layers of the religion to uncover. Few subscribe to this theory today. It's not a payment for services rendered or a bribe. Here are some of the Deities Honored by the Celts. Two things we always do during Heathen Holidays is Feasting and Sumble. Heimdall's primary responsibility was to guard the rainbow bridge, Bifrost, which connected Asgard to the mortal world. In the end, the Aesir, the newcomers, overcame and assimilated the Vanir. Hon var bltgyja. Followers of Norse Paganism believe that life is centred on a vast sacred tree called the Yggdrasil, which has different realms extending out from it. According to Norse mythology, Odin was the son of the giant's Bor and Bestla. Philippine Ayta People Have The Highest Level Of Denisovan DNA New Study, Ship-Shaped Burial Of Tjelvar Legendary First Man Who Brought Fire To Gotland, On This Day In History: Battle Of Lissa Took Place In The Adriatic Sea On July 20, 1866, Historical Artifacts Found In The Mammoth Caves Mysterious Passageway, legendary and famous Viking Bjorn (Bjrn) Ironside, Asgard The Ancient Powerful Kingdom Of The Norse Gods, Iron Age Myth and Materiality: An Archaeology of Scandinavia AD 400-1000. FriggFrigg is a Norse goddess of love and fertility. Sometimes you'll find Heathens who worship only one of the Gods while acknowledging all the others exist. Another tale tells of how he sacrificed one of his eyes in exchange for a drink from the well of wisdom. [13], British archaeologist Neil Price noted that "the realm of sorcery" was present in inn's many aspects.[14]. However, it is usually accepted that the sir (including inn, r and Tr) were warrior gods, while the Vanir (mainly Njrur, Freyja and Freyr) were fertility gods. Yes, the Vikings did pray. The ritual of sacrifice, whatever it may be for you, is what takes an ordinary object of some material value and transforms it into a holy gift for the Gods. But it is clear that there is a broad range of witches. It happened. And a renewed interest in Norse mythology (spurred on by Marvel movies and Netflix series) has made a new generation of people explore the religion for themselves. Freyja traveled in a chariot drawn by black or gray cats. Did these people really exist? [22][23] Several of these contemporary pagan religions draw specifically on the original mediaeval religious beliefs and practices of Anglo-Saxon England as sources of inspiration, adopting such Anglo-Saxon deities as their own. The Gods and Goddesses of Norse Wicca. 10 prominent goddess in Norse mythology are: Freyja, Frigg, Skadi, Sif, Jord, Ran, Idun, Saga, Eir, and Hel. Hel (Norse) This goddess is the ruler of the underworld in Norse mythology. The most prominent of these gods and goddesses include Odin, Thor, Freyja, and Freyr. This is a physical representation of our forging our connections and a sort of re-enactment of the sharing of mead between the Aesir and the Vanir at the conclusion of the war between them. Loki was known for his quick wit and his ability to outsmart others.
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