In summary, the key contributions of this paper are: (1) a review of Maintainability Index variants utilized for maintainability measurement in object-oriented software; (2) an empirical investigation on how Maintainability Index variants perform when utilized for the maintainability measurement of a single object-oriented system; (3) an empirical investigation on how Maintainability Index variants perform when utilized for the maintainability measurement of an object-oriented software system in the context of other systems, i.e., other versions of the same software system and completely different software systems. equals() and hashCode() method. The problem is that failing the first assert would cause an exception to be thrown leaving us with no idea if the second would have passed or failed. Each of the presented variants represents a slightly different approach to measuring maintainability by capturing different software-related characteristics. After writing or pasting, the JSON Diff button can easily manipulate accordingly. For instance, Index variant thresholds for object-oriented software should be refined in the future while also considering the specifics of the Index variant used for maintainability assessment. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. To understand and manage software under development and maintenance better, several maintainability measures have been proposed. Here's 3 different ways to compare objects in JavaScript and the tradeoffs between them. 568573. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Lund, Sweden, 1920 September 2012; pp. Determ. 149154. Another threat to external validity is the set of Index variants studied. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052972, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. To explore the variants and understand how they compare when evaluating software maintainability, an experiment was conducted with 45 Java-based object-oriented software systems. Java Object class is the super class of all the Java classes. 2021. Stack Overflow Developer Survey. And since book4 and book5 all point to the same object instance, book1, so book 4 === book5 is true. Based on the ShapiroWilk Test, a parametric correlation coefficient was utilized, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (, To answer RQ2.2, the link between Index variants was analyzed in the context of comparing maintainability with versions of the same software system using correlation analysis for each case study. = standard deviation, Min. positive feedback from the reviewers. [. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. With the introduction of Lambdas, we can now bypass the anonymous inner class and achieve the same result with simple, functional semantics: Notice that we're also using the new sort API . 261282. As first, you think the obvious way to compare two objects is iterating the list of properties and then comparing their values. anlalp, .; ztrk, M.M. The first threat to internal validity is related to the method used for data collection. 2023, 13, 2972. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks. = maximum. Coleman, D.; Ash, D.; Lowther, B.; Oman, P. Using metrics to evaluate software system maintainability. Method 2: Using comparator interface- Comparator interface is used to order the objects of a user-defined class. 8792. We can sort them, copy-paste them, merge, and compare them. Java provides the two methods of the Object class to compare the objects are as follows: The equals() method of the Object class compare the equality of two objects. The below example shows how to compare the two different beans. Copyright 2011-2021 www.javatpoint.com. Then this section is for you. As the result, JSON.stringify(person3) === JSON.stringify(person1) is false and JSON.stringify(person3) === JSON.stringify(person2) is false. Kaur and Singh [, Although there are some similarities with the existing work, the lack of a comprehensive approach to comparing multiple variations of the Index makes our work the first of its kind in the field. We can compare two HashMap by comparing Entry with the equals () method of the Map returns true if the maps have the same key-value pairs that mean the same Entry. Remember: When we override the equals() method, it is necessary to override the hashCode() method. Kerby, D.S. In the following example, we have created two classes Employee.java and HashCodeExample.java. Suppose we have a JSON string defined as the s1 variable: { "employee" : { "id": "1212" , "fullName": "John Miles" , "age": 34 } } Copy And we want to compare it with another JSON, s2: ; Saleh, A.; Darwito, H.A. ; Palani, G.; Iyer, N.R. Affordable solution to train a team and make them project ready. De Lucia, A.; Pompella, E.; Stefanucci, S. Assessing effort estimation models for corrective maintenance through empirical studies. Author: Venkatesh - I love to learn and share the technical stuff. 2021. If the properties of each object do not come in the same order, it doesnt work. [, Prabowo, G.; Suryotrisongko, H.; Tjahyanto, A. Now we will create one more class with the below code and save it as Car.java. = minimum, Max. Zighed, N.; Bounour, N.; Seriai, A.D. The 2021 State of the Octoverse. If the Class only has a few properties, you can write the code by comparing each property. Empirical comparison of two metrics suites for maintainability prediction in packages of object-oriented systems: A case study of open source software. In Proceedings of the 2022 45th Jubilee International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO), Opatija, Croatia, 2327 May 2022; pp. Object Comparision in ArrayList Example, Not found any post match with your request, STEP 2: Click the link on your social network, Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy, Java 8 Examples Programs Before and After Lambda, Java 8 Lambda Expressions (Complete Guide), Java 8 Lambda Expressions Rules and Examples, Java 8 Accessing Variables from Lambda Expressions, Java 8 Default and Static Methods In Interfaces, interrupt() VS interrupted() VS isInterrupted(), Create Thread Without Implementing Runnable, Create Thread Without Extending Thread Class, Matrix Multiplication With Thread (Efficient Way). Heriko, T.; umak, B. In the example above, person1 and person2 have the same properties and values, so JSON.stringify(person1) === JSON.stringify(person2) is true. In this program, you'll learn to compare two strings in Java. The resulting visualization seen in, Instead of the manual identification of groups, to more accurately determine the similar groups of the Index variants, clustering on the Pearson Correlation Coefficients was performed. See the original article here. Besides the above-presented Index variants, several others were proposed in the literature incorporating other software metrics that measure additional software aspects, e.g., cohesion and coupling; yet, they are not widely used. The equals () method is used to compare objects according to their content. Every class in java has one parent class that is Object class and it has equals () method to compare two any objects. However, it is still unclear how different Index variants compare when applied to software systems. [, Some studies have compared the well-established Maintainability Index variant with alternative software quality measures with the aim of validating new measures. Then, we will compare the objects by using the BeanComparator by calling its compare () method. By using our site, you = kurtosis, SW = ShapiroWilk Test. To sort a given List, ComparatorClass must implement a Comparator interface. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 1920 September 2018; pp. In terms of practical implications, software practitioners can use the results of this research to guide their selection of the most-appropriate Index variant for assessing the maintainability of their software systems in an efficient and effective manner. ; Sari, E.M. If a class implements Comparable then such comparator may be used in compareTo method: @Override public int compareTo (Person o) { return Comparator.comparing (Person::getFirstName) .thenComparing (Person::getLastName) .thenComparingInt (Person::getAge) .compare (this, o); } Share Improve this answer edited Aug 8, 2017 at 15:28 community wiki The authors declare no conflict of interest. In this way, many comparisons between two objects need not go through the comparison of every value within them. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Similarities and Difference between Java and C++, Decision Making in Java (if, if-else, switch, break, continue, jump), StringBuilder Class in Java with Examples, Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Concept in Java, Constructor Chaining In Java with Examples, Private Constructors and Singleton Classes in Java, Comparison of Inheritance in C++ and Java, Dynamic Method Dispatch or Runtime Polymorphism in Java, Different ways of Method Overloading in Java, Difference Between Method Overloading and Method Overriding in Java, Difference between Abstract Class and Interface in Java, Comparator Interface in Java with Examples, Flow control in try catch finally in Java, SortedSet Interface in Java with Examples, SortedMap Interface in Java with Examples, Importance of Thread Synchronization in Java, Thread Safety and how to achieve it in Java. Whereas the equals() method compares two objects. 9099. The hash code is managed by a hash-based data structure, such as HashTable, HashSet, etc. Multidimensional scaling. To verify the assumptions of normality for the differences between the two groups under study, the ShapiroWilk Test was utilized because the sample size for the data of RQ1 was small (, To answer RQ2.1, a pairwise correlation analysis was carried out between pairs of Index variants to examine the association between variant values. Future efforts could also be invested in investigating and determining the Index threshold levels for object-oriented software. Appl. ; validation, T.H. It handles a wide variety of edge cases and avoids a lot of the pitfalls of the previous two approaches. Mark X is used to indicate the inclusion of a software metric for the computation of a specific Index variant. Based on their maintainability measurement characteristics, the Index variants can be divided into two distinct clusters containing variants that are more similar to one another: Index variants without considering code comments and Index variants that include code comments in their computation.
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