The average age of a Hessian family member is 75.0 years old according to our database Heinz (daughter b. Of the 12,526 who did not return, about 7,700 had died; some 1,200 were killed in action, and 6,354 died from illnesses or accidents, mostly the former. For example: I have a Hessian! Researching family history is much more than just names and dates. According to his naturalization, he . 4 0 obj 1567) Hans(m. 1586) Hans(daughter m. 1584) Heinz(daughter b. 2. Johann (b. Becker (b. 23. It is an Anglicized form of the Irish hOissn. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. Martin (m. 1606) My name is Stacy Hessian and I started this site. For the veterans among your Hessian ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. We found 205,299 records for Hessian last name See Hessian in the 1950 US Census 4,476 Family Trees 3,118 Census & Voter Lists 2,436 Birth, Marriage & Death 2,191 Photos View all records Here you will find the distribution of your surname sorted by countries! There are 909 immigration records available for the last name Hessian. A total of 29,875 German troops fought alongside British troops in the Revolutionary War, of which 16,992 came from Hesse-Kassel and 2,422 from Hesse-Hanau. . In German, with some English. 1. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Hessian ancestors lived in harsh conditions. In 1840 there were 2 Hessian families living in Tennessee. For help reading these records, see Germany Handwriting. Jakob (d. 1580's) 1594) The surname Hessian is for a door keeper to a king. [36], Many Hessian prisoners were held in camps at the interior city of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, home to a large German community known as the Pennsylvania Dutch. Download Citation | Family names as a derivation basis in South Hessian: Identification of families and women in synchrony and diachrony. .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }. We don't have any information on the history of the Hessian name. "James Ussher, the celebrated Archbishop of Armagh, was a son of A. Ussher, one of the six clerks in Chancery, descended from a branch of the Norman family of De Neville, which assumed the name of Le Uschere or Le Huissier, from the office of Ostiarius granted to them by King John. Peter (m. 1583) The information is handwritten horizontally in two pages of columns in a ledger-type format. "'Barbarous Strangers': Hessian State and Society during the American Revolution", Krebs, Daniel. Another 109 words (8 lines of text) covering the years 1200, 1550, 1613, 1581, 1656, 1625, 1656, 1550, 1613, 1581, 1656, 1625, 1656, 1582 and 1629 are included under the topic Early Hessian History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. By contrast, British prisoners were also held in Lancaster, but these men did not respond favorably to good treatment and often tried to escape.[37]. von Ditfuerth K-5 Kassel Musketeer Regt. Jost (m. 1572) Box 4422, Creative Tower, Hamad Bin Mohammed Street Fujairah, UAE, Education1st Recruitment & Consultancy 2018. Fuchs (1588) (daughter b. (Retrieved 2016, January 12) . 1610-1620) Cunz(granddaughter b. Men's Names Adam(grandson b. Sources. The Hession family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1851 and 1920. In 1891 there were 43 Hessian families living in Lancashire. However, morale was generally high, and soldiers were said to take pride in their service. My g-grandmothers family were from Hesse-Darmstadt. Many inquirers have heard of a family tradition that they have a Hessian in their background. *We display top occupations by gender to maintain their historical accuracy during times when men and women often performed different jobs. 1567) Ursula (m. 1583) Elsa (son b. American history textbooks refer to them as "mercenaries", and they are still widely perceived as such in the popular imagination of the United States. Jakob (d. bef. Between 1956 and 2004, in the United States, Hessian life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1956, and highest in 2004. Korean Academy Of Film Arts, Here you will find the distribution of your surname sorted by countries! of 88 people with the last name Hessian Hessian Soldiers FamilySearch Hessian Soldiers Contents 1 Background 2 Online Records 3 Compiled Genealogies and Biographies 4 Name Lists and Indexes 4.1 Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Hanau, and Waldeck Troops 4.2 Anhalt-Zerbst Troops 4.3 Ansbach-Bayreuth Troops 4.4 Brunswick Troops 4.5 Soldiers who settled in Canada 5 Associations and Mailing Lists New York had the highest population of Hession families in 1880. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Historical records and family trees related to Martin Hessian. 1567) (son b. Prince William of Hesse-Hanau was tied into the Illuminati. Ebrahimi. London had the highest population of Hesse families in 1891. Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022. 1567) Theophilis (d. 1598) Hessian Family History. *After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, it changed its name in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse, which had formed from neighboring Hesse-Kassel. Those deemed "expendable", such as vagrants and the unemployed, could be conscripted at any time. Her maternal family name was Kness and paternal Plock. Winthrop P. Bell, ed. Records of the Hessian Family, Share yesterday to connect today & preserve tomorrow, Copyright 1999-2023 AncientFaces, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Smith, Henry, see Schmidt, Heinrich, Hessians of N.S. [5] They served with distinction in many battles, most notably at White Plains and Fort Washington. Records may include photos, original documents, family history, relatives, specific dates, locations and full names. Hesse (/ h s /, US also / h s , h s i /, Hessian dialect: ) or Hessia (UK: / h s i /, US: / h /; German: Hessen ()), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen), is a state in Germany.Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Melchior (d. 1580's) We don't have any information on the history of the Hessian name. Find! This was about 50% of all the recorded Hessian's in Canada. The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. Browse profiles of historical people with the Hessian last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. Look beyond the names and dates to understand how and why your Hessian ancestors lived and strived to make a better life for their descendants. In 1891 there were 43 Hessian families living in Lancashire. Former allies were contacted for help, and, following a common practice at the time, auxiliary troops from foreign countries were hired. Kirchenbcher und Standesregister fr alle Wohnpltze im Land Hessen. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu [34] These men were both hunted by the British for being deserters and by many of the colonists as a foreign enemy. The Battenberg family was formerly a monarganic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, rulers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in Germany. Reitz (m. 1604) The Hesse family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. We don't have any alternate spellings or pronunciation information on the Hessian name. View Census Data for Hessian | Data not to scale. All Hessian males were registered for military service at the age of seven, and from the age of 16 until 30, had to annually present themselves to an official for possible recruitment. 1567) An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Hessian ancestors lived in harsh conditions. Their troops entered the British service not as individuals, but in entire units, with their usual uniforms, flags, equipment, and officers. (Family History Library Ref943.41 K23p; microfiche 6053529). Discover the meaning of the Hessian name on Ancestry. Anton (m. 1584) The American Declaration of Independence, written roughly a year after hostilities broke out, condemned King George III of "transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to [complete] the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation." Contributing to this mixing of tongues was the fact that medieval scribes spelled words according to sound, ensuring that a person's name would appear differently in nearly every document in which it was recorded. The site was last updated on Nov 11 2021, and it currently has . To this end, we maintain the Medieval Names Archive and Medieval Heraldry Archive. Arizona State University Motto, Melchior (daughter b. We don't have any information on the nationality / ethnicity In 1940, Laborer and Stenographer were the top reported jobs for men and women in the USA named Hession. Understand it all by viewing our, Another 121 words (9 lines of text) about their life in, Family Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI, Family Crests and Genealogy: how they relate, http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html, http://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html, https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance, Contemporary Notables of the name Hessian (post 1700), Mr. Patrick Hessian, (b. [10][12] A self-styled enlightened despot, he also oversaw public-works projects, administered a public welfare system, and encouraged education. The average life expectancy for Hessian in 1956 was 50, and 93 in 2004. ), Hessians would not be categorized as mercenaries under modern international law. Anna (daughter m. 1584) Linux Kernel Programming Course, Bresch (m. 1583) 1572) Hans(b. Source: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain, 2021. Explore historical records and family tree profiles about John Hessian on MyHeritage, the world's family history network. [27], Hessians, for their part, spoke out against executions of captured prisoners of war after the Battle of Long Island, especially since many were of German descent; one Hessian is quoted as saying, "many among them were Germans, and that cut me doubly to the heart". After the war, many POWs never returned to Germany and instead accepted American offers of religious freedom and free land, becoming permanent settlers one of which was the fifth great grandfather of American actor Rob Lowe. [2] The term is an American synecdoche for all Germans who fought on the British side, since 65% came from the German states of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Hanau. Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany's second . More than half of these came from Hesse, which led to all auxiliary troops being refereed to as Hessians, regardless of their true state of origin. Some of the Hessian family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.Another 121 words (9 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. 141 death records. In 1880 there were 54 Hession families living in New York. The revenue from renting the army to the British equaled roughly 13 years' worth of taxes,[7] allowing the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Friedrich II, to reduce taxes by one-third between the 1760s and 1784. The name has been spelled Usher, Ussher and others. Hans (b. Ingrao, Charles. Date and port of arrival.Hometown, assets, occupation, and code of dossier may also be provided. [20][10] (Similarly, in the twentieth century, the Moroccan Goumiers were attached as auxiliaries to the French Army of Africa. When military conflict broke out, as it often did in Europe, German states provided a ready supply of trained troops prepared to go into action immediately. Kniss (b. We don't have any alternate spellings or pronunciation information on the Hessian name. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. Well before the American Revolutionary War, Hessian soldiers were familiar in battlefields across 18th-century Europe. [3]. 1,703 had told her of the Hessians, namely that they were cruel". A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. Between 1954 and 2004, in the United States, Hession life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1958, and highest in 1985. The Electorate of Hesse (Hesse-Kassel) was annexed by Prussia in 1866, while Grand Ducal Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt) as lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918. Wannemacher (1821-1891): Their Ancestors and Descendants From Germany to Their first engagement was less than two weeks later, in the Battle of Long Island, the first major battle in the war. Hessians fought at the Battle of Bennington, the turning point of the Saratoga campaign. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Hessian surname lived. Lancashire had the highest population of Hessian families in 1891. Notwithstanding their reputation as skilled and disciplined fighters, many British soldiers shared the American distrust of Hessians, who often spoke little or no English and were perceived as crude and barbaric. Although plunder was officially forbidden, it remained common practice (as in most military forces at the time), offering another incentive for service. Those killed from the House of Hesse are- 2 photos and 307 biographies with the Hessen last name. Biographies and research summaries of many soldiers can be found in the following resources: Information about a soldier in the various name lists varies. 1584) His database currently includes over 20,000 names from over 2,900 families, all in the Lower Saxony, Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse and Hamburg region. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name Hessian. 2000- 2023 Swyrich Corporation, all rights reserved. Hesse's largest city is Frankfurt am Main. Orth (daughter m. 1584) (granddaughter m. 1584) John Hessian 1914 John Hessian in U.S. Yearbooks Name Index, 1890-1979. 1574) Hans(b. His nickname was Ernie. stream In 1840 there were 2 Hessian families living in Tennessee. View Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for Hessian. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the UK, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. >Y$Mnd!&auko?UW{2;exg-{]W]WWXr3rmF@]-6onZn?jY8*S~a&k9#QvgbXf?j&9~[.I+5ZzT;;N\V 0L}+T/c:}4cxiumgjIGO 1600) William le Usser or Lussier was found in the Assize Rolls for Somerset in 1243 and later, Geoffrey le Uscher was listed in Cambridgeshire in 1300. 1574) The English name "Hesse" comes from the Hessian dialect. Fey (b. Doll (b. Johann (granddaughter b. Click. %PDF-1.3 of the Hessian name. " /> Historical Background [edit | edit source]. von Donop There are currently no family photos associated to the Hessian family. Are you sure you want to delete this item from your shopping cart? [15], Nevertheless, the practice of lending out auxiliaries did sometimes result in direct consequences. I need someone to give me the information from the book "Hessian Immigrants: Index to Family Names, Book II: Immigrants from Hesse-Kassel, 1840-1850." My great great grandmother, Philippina Hoffmann, married a man, Johann Heinrich Eckhardt, who appears in this book, according to ancestry.com, on Page 104. 1572) A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. Prennes (d. before 1585) It is estimated that of the roughly 30,000 Hessians who came to America, about 6,000 either deserted or were discharged and remained in the United States and Canada after the war. 1609) You can see how Hessian families moved over time by selecting different census years. Discover the family history, nationality, origin and common names of Hessian family members. Brunswick field military parish registers, Hesse-Cassel field military parish registers. Kona Ironman Temperature, Hessian Manual, Fourth Part: Sovereign Lands and Acquired Jurisdictions (German) Emigration HETRINA series -- Hessian Troops in the American Revolution (German-English) 7 volumes of family name indexes incl. This was about 58% of all the recorded Hesse's in Canada. Margareta (m. 1572) [citation needed], General Washington's Continental Army had crossed the Delaware River to make a surprise attack on the Hessians in the early morning of December 26, 1776. The "Grand Duchy of Hesse" was originally formed on the basis of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806. 1567) Balthaser(d. bet. 1574) R This order began to have influence only when "our Germans, teachable as they are" had learned to "stammer a little English." Hessen-Battenberg AD 1888 - 1917. Treit (d. 1615) 1570) There are 103 names in our family site. Michael (m. 1590's) A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. A list of German origin and Americanised family names. Smithmyer, Christian, see Schmidtmeyer. [32] These included Nicholas Bahner(t), Jacob Trobe, George Geisler, and Conrad Grein (Konrad Krain),[33] who were a few of the Hessian soldiers who deserted the British forces after being returned in exchange for American prisoners of war. 1584) 28 pt1-3, 4A-4E, Complete list of those soldiers from the Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments who deserted or stayed in North America after the war, Library and Archives Canada - German collection, Hessian State Archives (Hessisches Landesarchiv), Lower Saxony State Archive (Niederschsisches Landesarchiv) - Wolfenbttel, Saxony-Anhalt State Archive (Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt) - Magdeburg, The New York Public Library Archives & Manuscripts, Hessian Soldiers: Their History and How to Find them in America and Germany, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Hessian_Soldiers&oldid=5044979. Kunigunda (daughter b. Hession (pronounced "hesh + in") is an old Connacht Irish surname. Paul Arnsberg, Die jdischen Gemeinden in Hessen, 2 vols (Frankfurt/Main: Societtsverlag, 2. Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1777, the British used them mainly as garrison and patrol troops. 3. 1853), aged 24, Scottish settler travelling from Glasgow aboard the ship "Marlborough" arriving in Bluff, South Island, New Zealand on 4th November 1877, John W. III Hessian, American Democratic Party politician, Candidate for Maryland State Senate District 13-C, 1970, Mr. Frederick Hessian (1893-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the, Mrs. Mary Hessian (1900-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the, New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 17th October 2018). Of the 400 members of these 9 Jewish congregations, 120 lived in 48 communities in the rural areas around these towns. Initially, the typical regiment was made up of 500 to 600 men. In early history the Vandals, Goths, Huns, and Alemans swept into this region from the east and from the north. This is a great system that allows anyone like you and me to create a private site for their family, build their family tree and share family photos. These are the longest-lived members of the Hessian family on AncientFaces. xTdu;8np"(U9r:,s9 For the veterans among your Hessian ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. try{ e.c=jQuery(e.c);var i=jQuery(window).width(),t=9999,r=0,n=0,l=0,f=0,s=0,h=0; The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. Derived from the Persian word del meaning heart, this surname refers to someone 'adorning the heart'. Ritter (son b. Game Gift Card, 1570) I have copied the names as they appear in my source; I am not sure if the Discover the family history, nationality, origin and common names of Hessen family members. "The Foundation of British Strength: National Identity and the Common British Soldier." The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. This was about 34% of all the recorded Hesse's in the UK. "Images of America Political Myths Historiography: 'Hessians' in the War of Independence", Rogers, Alec D. "The Hessians: Journal Of The Johannes Schwalm Historical Association". In 1891 there were 43 Hessian families living in Lancashire. Great Britain maintained a relatively small standing army, so it found itself in great need of troops at the outset of the American Revolutionary War. In 1939, Coal Hewer Below and Unpaid Domestic Duties were the top reported jobs for men and women in the United Kingdom named Hessian. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Else (daughter b. Soldiers were paid relatively high wages, and their families were exempt from certain taxes. In the two centuries leading up to the American Revolution, the continent was characterized by constant warfare, and military manpower was in high demand. Whereas mercenaries served a foreign ruler in an individual capacity, auxiliaries forces were controlled by a state, and their foreign service was in direct competition to professional mercenaries. The only viable successor to the [of Hesse] lineage, twenty-three year old Eleonore Maria Devin is allegedly considering reinstating the House of Hesse royal presence in Europe. "Hessians:" German Soldiers in the American Revolutionary War. There are 12,000 census records available for the last name Hession. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name Hessian. Some less common occupations for Americans named Hessian were Lawyer and Clerk. [38] About 5,000 German troops, most of whom had been press-ganged or conscripted in their countries of origin, opted to settle in either the United States or Canada. It has an area of 21,110 km2 (8,150 sq mi) and just over six million inhabitants. 1572) Weinmuth (of Neuenhess., daughter b. When the Normans became the ruling people of England in the 11th century, they introduced a new language into a society where the main languages of Old and later Middle English had no definite spelling rules. 1570) [16], The characterization of Hessian troops as "mercenaries" remains controversial over two centuries later. Do not sell or share my personal information. Reichart (d. bef 1584) There are 909 immigration records available for the last name Hessian. Engel (m. 1606) Ursula (d. 1617), Adam (b. 100% of Hessian men worked as a Coal Hewer Below and 100% of Hessian women worked as an Unpaid Domestic Duties. At the commencement of the war, King George III of Great Britain needed additional troops to increase his fighting power. The most Hessian families were found in the USA in 1880. Have information to share? The outraged Hessian replied: "I am a German and you are a shit." Lancashire had the highest population of Hessian families in 1891. Browse profiles of historical people with the Hession last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. The most Hesse families were found in the USA in 1880. Working against what the family called its "hushed tradition." they have traced their heritage to a Hessian rifleman in the Regiment von Knyphausen who came over with British troops in 1976 . 1585) The names in this list were taken from Lower Canada land petitions. Conflict between and among these states led to the creation of professional armies, which were consequently experienced and well trained. There's No Crying in Basketball. Outstanding amongst the family at this time was Henry Ussher (c. 1550-1613), a founder of Trinity College, Dublin and Church of Ireland, Archbishop of Armagh; and James Ussher (Usher) (1581-1656), Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Another 39 words (3 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Hessian Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Between 1956 and 2004, in the United States, Hessian life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1956, and highest in 2004. Around 1,000 Hessians were defeated, killed, and captured by a raw, untrained militia force from Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Who Were the Foreign Mercenaries of the Declaration of Independence?. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Hessian census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Do not sell or share my personal information. Anna (b. 1572) For most people, just about every aspect of their life has been influenced in some way by their ancestors. The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. % [24] Other German princes relied on long-service voluntary enlistment supplemented by conscription when numbers fell short. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Hessian research. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hessian_(soldier)&oldid=1141038736, Oberst Franz Carl Erdmann Freiherr (Baron) von Seitz led the regiment in the, Lieutenant General Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg, as Colonel led the von Lossberg Regiment (Alt) at the, Fusilier Regiment Erbprinz, later (1780) Musketeer Regiment Erbprinz (, Grenadier Regiment von Rall, later (1777) von Woellwarth; (1779) von Trmbach; (1781) d'Angelelli (. Jost (m. 1592) This was about 43% of all the recorded Hessen's in the USA. I am particularly interested in Parker Zar/Zarr, naturalized in 1821, lived in Bedford (Chestnut Ridge), Westchester County,NY, and died in 1824. Nhl Protocol List, Throughout the war, Americans tried to entice Hessians to desert the British, emphasizing the large and prosperous German-American community. [17] American historian Charles Ingrao describes Hesse as a "mercenary state" whose prince rented out his regiments to fund his governmental expenditures. Like most auxiliaries of this period, Hessians served with foreign armies as entire units, fighting under their own flags, commanded by their usual officers, and wearing their existing uniforms. We don't have any information on the origins of the Hessian name. There are 1,000 military records available for the last name Hessian. Nhl Protocol List, While its troops remained members of the Hessian military, and even fought in their national uniform, they were hired out for service in other armies, without their government having any stake in the conflict. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. In 1940, Laborer and Teacher were the top reported jobs for men and women in the USA named Hessian. Nova Scotia had the highest population of Hessian families in 1911. 1567) The distinguished surname HESSE has been traced to Austria, whose territory was occupied by the Celts and then the Romans. Mohn (1591) [5] The added manpower and skill of German troops greatly sustained the British war effort, though it also outraged colonists and increased support for the Revolutionary cause. London had the highest population of Hesse families in 1891. 100% of Hessian men worked as a Coal Hewer Below and 100% of Hessian women worked as an Unpaid Domestic Duties. There are 1,000 military records available for the last name Hessian. Throughout the war, reports of plundering by Hessians were said to have galvanized neutral colonists to join the Revolutionary side. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in Australia, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. Several German princes saw an opportunity to earn extra income by hiring out their regular army units for service in America. Hessians ( US: / hnz / or UK: / hsinz /) [1] were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. [28], Americans, both Revolutionaries and Loyalists, often feared the Hessians, believing them to be rapacious and brutal mercenaries. 1610-1620) diss., Florida State University 2007, p. 123-124, Colonel of the Hesse Cassel Garrison Regiment Von Seitz see Hessian (soldiers). Protocol I (1977) to the Geneva Convention defines a mercenary as "any person who has not been sent by a State which is not a Party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. Anton (~1589) 1574) These languages were more often spoken than written, so they blended freely with one another. 1567) Katharina (b. 1584) Have information to share? ADVERTISEMENT 1592) (b. In Bedfordshire, Richard Lusscher was registered in the Subsidy Rolls of 1319 and in Cumberland, the Subsidy Rolls of 1332 included Adam Husser.
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