However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). American Psychological Association. Good relationships, good performance: The mediating role of psychological capital: A three-wave study among students. The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. (2015). Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Your classes may now be virtual. Psychological capital and beyond. Torinomi C, Lindenberg K, Mltner A, Herpertz SC, Holm-Hadulla RM. Conversely, when individuals employed problematic coping strategies such as behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997), the negative impacts were much stronger than the positive effect of adaptive coping strategies. Results indicated that PsyCap affected well-being both directly and indirectly through coping strategies. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. However, there is a paucity of research to address the possible impacts of the pedagogical shift integrated into new online platforms on learning, interaction, and assessment, especially in higher education settings from the vantage point of EFL The ongoing stress and trauma of the COVID-19 crisis can take a serious toll on our bodies: creating tense muscles, headaches, digestive issues, difficulty sleeping, and even immunity problems. (1993). The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387393. Fig 2. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. (2010). Research Question 3 https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111107810, DeWitz, S. J., Woolsey, M. L., & Walsh, W. B. As expected, negative emotion and loneliness significantly increased during the period of COVID-19, impacting overall well-being in an adverse manner. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. Northwestern University. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). of this manuscript. (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). -. Following the biopsychosocial model of health, the goal of the current study was to predict peoples psychological well-being (PWB) during the initial lockdown phase of the pandemic and to investigate which coping strategies were most common among people with low and high Random House. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92100. National Survey of Counseling Center Directors 2008 [Internet]. Journal of Health Management, 16(2), 315326. Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Given the ongoing repercussions of the pandemic, we recommend continued and longitudinal studies on well-being, coping strategies, and PsyCap. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. Now is my chance to help others. There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. Think about how you can honor what youve achieved. Alsolais A, Alquwez N, Alotaibi KA, Alqarni AS, Almalki M, Alsolami F, Almazan J, Cruz JP. Interventions that are described as well-being approaches rather than those that highlight pathologies are less stigmatizing (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010; Umucu et al., 2020) than traditional deficit-based therapeutic approaches. Fig 3. P = Positive Emotion, I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Indirect Effect of Psychological Capital on PERMA Factors Through Coping Strategies (Mediators), Note. Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. Each item is rated on an 11-point scale ranging from never (0) to always (10), or not at all (0) to completely (10). The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). Flourishing: The PERMA Well-Being Model Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1), 126. Consistent with prior research (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; Youssef-Morgan & Luthans, 2015), we found that PsyCap predicted well-being. The uncertainty about what comes next. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267. WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Thus, in general, internal consistency reliability coefficients tend to be relatively smaller ( = .5 to .9). Eat well. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. National Library of Medicine OH The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. The majority of the participants were full time students (82%, n = 498) compared to part-time students (18%, n = 111). Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. Disclaimer. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). In future, researchers may wish to investigate whether PsyCap predicts longitudinal changes in well-being in the COVID-19 context. Our mental health is in constant flux and ebbs and flows on a daily basis. Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Version (PCQ-12) Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). Would you like email updates of new search results? (2008). Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. Penguin Press. Find new ways to celebrate. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Penguin. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. These feelings are normal. Below are strategies and resources that may help you cope with stress. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Cleveland, Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). In this study, accepting the realities, using alternative affirmative explanations, seeking social support for meeting emotional needs, and engaging in active problem-focused coping behaviors seem to be the most helpful ways to counter the negative effects of the pandemic on well-being. The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). https://news.gallup.com/poll/249098/americans-stress-worry-anger-intensified-2018.aspx. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. Undoubtedly, the period has been stressful for nursing students. Coping with this stress may help you. (2013). Worry and stress fuel record drop in U.S. life satisfaction. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. Stumbling on happiness. Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. All rights reserved. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially Strategies and programming to develop wellness can be delivered in one-on-one sessions with students, as well as in group settings, and may have either a prevention or intervention focus. Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. WebWe study the stability of noncognitive skills by comparing experimental results gathered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that PsyCap predicted well-being, and structural equation modeling demonstrated the mediating role of coping strategies between PsyCap and well-being. Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. There was however an interesting shift in the predictive role of PsyCap dimensions before and after the onset of COVID-19. Can I Really Be Burnt Out Because Of Working From Home? An official website of the United States government. International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). (2018). This instrument is used widely in studies with university students (e.g., Madhyastha et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 2008). The potentialities of online teaching allowed a didactic continuity that would have been impossible otherwise, and this approach is likely to be Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227238. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Guilford. Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). This study is qualitative research with a case (2009). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. Published 2022. These strategies can be harmful and unhealthy with regard to effectively coping with stressors. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. McGonigal, J. Distanced learning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. For example, students had to stay home, adapt to online learning, modify internship placements, and/or reconsider graduation plans and jobs. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623. Helpful strategies of coping Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. (2020, April 14). Aim of the Study and Research Questions Try to get in at least one physical activity each day. Miyazaki, Y., Bodenhorn, N., Zalaquett, C., & Ng, K.-M. (2008). PMC Age was positively correlated with change in PERMA elements, but not gender. E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. The results allow for concluding that the students' maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339366. This study aims to describe the perception of midwifery students about the use of LMS in English learning activities. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing. International journal of mental health nursing. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. The International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Current Psychology. Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review.
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