Eng. Hydroquinone is sold by chemical suppliers. Chim. The toxicology of hydroquinone - relevance to occupational and environmental exposure. Chem. Treatment with hydroquinone interferes with the action of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme used in the synthesis of melanin, and compositions are sold across the counter at about 2% hydroquinone and by prescription at higher concentrations. One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. [33], Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis. 43, 13111316 (2007), J. Qing-Zhu, M. Pei-Sheng, Z. Huan, X. Shu-Qian, W. Qiang, Q. Yan, Fluid Phase Equilib. Gravimetric method is used to measured hydroquinone solubility in water, ethanol and in water+ethanol binary mixtures at temperatures (293.15, 295.15, 298.15, 300.15, 303.15, 305.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15)K. Mole fractions solubility of hydroquinone are correlated with temperature by using the Apelblat equation. Since the neutral pH of the hydroquinone composition with sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, the pH is acceptable for also including retinoids in the composition. Environ. 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. Then add it to the ingredients. A preferred embodiment utilizes encapsulation. Some hydroquinone compositions include antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. 0000002198 00000 n We have discovered that a hydroquinone composition (with about 1 to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably with about 2% to about 10%, more preferably with about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, most preferably with about 3% to about 4% hydroquinone) with preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, can include cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate as an antioxidant and the color destabilization problems are appreciably less as compared to hydroquinone compositions without such a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters in the neutral pH range: preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. I'd like the consistency to be thin like a gel so that it absorbs quicker. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. 0000008435 00000 n 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. 12.4. n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. ~lgM~Gc{1S_1Q/_/v">S 9 Without being limited to the mechanism of this discoloration, it is believed that the discoloration may be caused at least in part by oxidation of the hydroquinone. Exceptional antioxidant qualities are seen at 0.10% (all percentages in the application are weight percent) and above, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5% for sodium metabisulfite. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Sodium Metabisulfite at 5C and 40C, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate at 5C and 40C, Polyacrylamide (and) C 13-14 isoparaffin (and) laureth-7, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copemicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copernicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders and methods for their manufacture, Stabilization composition including hydroquinone or derivative thereof, Stabilized retinol for cosmetic dermatological, and pharmaceutical compositions, and use thereof, Depigmenting composition for the skin comprising adapalene and at least one depigmenting agent, Depigmenting composition for the skin, use of a depigmenting composition for the skin, cosmetic use of the same and method for non-therapeutic cosmetic treatment, Cosmetic designs and products using intronic RNA, Holistic composition and method for reducing skin pigmentation, Topical compositions and methods of manufacturing them in specifically treated steel vessels, System for improved percutaneous absorption of skin benefiting agents, Discontinuous surface coating for particles, Method of treating skin requiring chemical peel procedure, Method of treating skin needing hyaluronic acid treatment, Method of treating skin having incision from surgical procedures, Method of treating skin requiring hair removal procedure, Method of treating skin requiring Intense Pulse Light (IPL) procedure, Method of treating skin subject to or affected by aesthetic surgical procedures, Method of treating skin needing ablative treatment, Method of treating skin requiring radiofrequency procedure, Method of treating skin requiring non-ablative procedure, Method of treating skin requiring fractional resurfacing treatment, Method of treating skin needing botulinum toxin type a treatment, Method of treating skin requiring microdermabrasion, Method of treating skin needing collagen treatment, Method of treating skin requiring skin cancer treatment, Methods of treating skin to enhance therapeutic treatment thereof, Ras mutation and compositions and methods related thereto, Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially dcolletage, Calcium sequestration compositions and methods of treating skin pigmentation disorders and conditions. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. In hydroquinone and sodium metabisulfite compositions, it is believed that the sodium metabisulfite oxidizes first and delays the start of any oxidation of the hydroquinone, so that excessive discoloration is delayed or totally avoided. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. The most preferred example of such an antioxidant is sodium metabisulfite. 77, No. 0000008514 00000 n 109. 115, 22772285 (2014), Article PubMedGoogle Scholar. Hydroquinone Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 General Advice If symptoms persist, call a physician. It is a reducmg agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. 114, 175188 (1996), I. Hahnenkamp, G. Graubner, J. Gmehling, Int. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. application/pdf It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. Cookie Notice New experimental data are provided for the solubility of resorcinol in water and salicylic acid, resorcinol, hydroquinone in 1-octanol. Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline: Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. 0000005306 00000 n Place water in container then bring the temperature to 15c in a boil bath then add products at this point when youre making the lotion u will need to add the other ingredients. Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. Have an order or account question, find answers in our Online Support articles. 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010. Hydrogen peroxide is used and the reaction gives a mixture of hydroquinone and catechol: An accessible route involves the reaction of sodium hydroxide with 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. 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Eng. J. Chem. Int J Thermophys 42, 1 (2021). I can only tell you how to mix the powder solution to the liquid solvent. The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. Rev. The information given is designed only as a guide for safe handling and use. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. Hydroquinone, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals 5g, Glass Bottle Quantity: 5g 50g 250g 1kg 5kg Packaging: Glass Bottle Plastic Drum Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Data 53, 199200 (2008), N. Sunsandee, S. Suren, N. Leepipatpiboon, M. Hronec, U. Pancharoen, Fluid Phase Equilib. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25 K to 334.45 K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. As utilized herein, the inhibition of the retinoid oxidation should be sufficient to prohibit browning of the composition for its shelf life, preferably greater than about six months, more preferably greater than about twelve months, and most preferably greater than about eighteen months. Continue rinsing.IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.Avoid release to the environment.WARNING: The information provided on this web site was developed in compliance with European Union (EU) regulations and is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. Correspondence to However, the oil-soluble TBHQ is more hydrophobic with a distinctly increased log P value compared to HQ. Editor's Rating: Then add it to the ingredients. Get medical attention. For more information, please see our InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, InChI=1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. I made my own hydroquinone 4% and added it to my cream. Thus, merely adding one retinoid to a hydroquinone composition would result in instability and/or discoloration, and adding hydroquinone to a retinoid product would have a similar result. [31], Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed .
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