herbicide mode of action chart 2021

This is a recent reference for mechanistic health and environmental toxicity information for pesticides, including herbicides and insecticides. 0000108351 00000 n Herbicides may reduce taxa richness and abundance of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates due to reductions of sensitive species and increased abundance of tolerant species at high concentrations (Daam and Van den Brink 2007, Dewey 1986). Good info at the link above including: DINOT-CondMedium In streams, herbicides can be dissolved in the water column or bound to sediments, and the effects they have will depend upon the medium in which they occur. proof:pdf This chart lists premix herbicides alphabetically by their trade names OpenType - PS Click on the diagram to view a larger version. Site of Action is the biochemical site within a plant where the herbicide directly interacts. The Eight Modes of Action. based on their site of action. 0000125914 00000 n 7.504 Herbicides are sometimes applied directly to surface water for aquatic weed control (e.g., for water-based recreation). 0000001964 00000 n 0000090035 00000 n List of approved active constituents in each Group and, for ease of identification, the trade name of the first registered product or successor. 277632558 2330755113 0000004057 00000 n xmp.iid:a7f9a9db-6be2-41ff-a719-51629254f9c6 0000123472 00000 n Example of a detailed conceptual diagram related to herbicides. These herbicides inhibit Photosystem II, part of the photosynthesis pathway, and are Helvetica-Condensed Hall LW Jr, Anderson RD, Ailstock MS (1997) Chronic toxicity of atrazine to sago pondweed at a range of salinities: implications for criteria development and ecological risk. This chart groups herbicides by their modes of action to assist you in selecting by PREMIX herbicides 1) to maintain greater diversity in herbicide use and 2) to rotate among effective herbicides with different sites of action to delay the development of herbicide resistance. Table 5. a Pilot Study in Spring, 2006, US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, Dicamba Dimethylamine Salt SL,06, 329 Part 180Tolerances and Ex- Emptions From, History of Health Risk Limits Rules, by Chemical, 1993 to Present (Note: This Table Contains Only Hrls Adopted Into Rule, Strategy for Nutsedge Control in Turf Kai Umeda, Strategies for Nutsedge Control in Turf Cactus Clippings June 2013 Kai Umeda, MP44 Recommended Chemicals for Weed and Brush Control, 388 Subpart GJudicial Review PART 180TOLERANCES and EX, AG-408 2021 Pest Control for Professional Turfgrass Managers, Confirmation and Control of HPPD-Inhibiting HerbicideResistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus) in Nebraska, Comparison of Glyphosate Programs in Field Corn at Rochester, MN in 2004, PROGRESS in PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT and PHASING-OUT of HIGHLY HAZARDOUS PESTICIDES in ASIA Viii RAP PUBLICATION 2015/01, Trade Name Cross Reference for Herbicides, Evaluation of Alternative Herbicide Systems for the Sweetpotato Crop. 0000024219 00000 n Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACCase inhibitors), Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), * This product contains more than one active constituent, Disruptors of plant cell growth (Auxin mimics), Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II D1 Serine 264 binders (and other non-histidine binders) (PS II Serine 264 inhibitors), Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II D1 Histadine 215 binders, Inhibition of 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3 phosphate synthase (EPSP inhibition), Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis at the phytoene desaturase step (PDS inhibitors), Inhibition of deoxy-D-xyulose phosphate synthase (DOXP inhibitors), Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO inhibitors), Inhibition of very long chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFA inhibitors), Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem I via electron diversion (PSI electron diversion), Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD inhibitors), Inhibition of serine-threonine protein phosphatase (STPP inhibitors), Inhibition of solanesyl diphosphate synthase, * This product contains more than one active constituent, URL: https://croplife.org.au/resources/programs/resistance-management/herbicide-moa-table-4-draft-2/ Depending on the product, glyphosate can be formulated as ammonium, diammonium, dimethylammonium, isopropylamine, and/or potassium salts. Illustrations and herbicide terminology definitions are helpful resources that complement the text. Accidental or unpermitted discharges also may occur. 0 %PDF-1.3 % Sign up to receive timely updates and useful information from the North Carolina Soybean Producers Association, including information on results of the investments the association makes in production research to help improve yields in North Carolina conditions; international marketing activities; projects to support our biggest customer, Animal Agriculture; and much more! The large number of herbicide optionsnew products, old products with new names, new Play. from application/x-indesign to application/pdf This chart lists premix herbicidesalphabetically by their trade names Corn and Soybeanso you can identify the premix's component herbicides and their respective site of action groups. By used in a variety of crops for control of grass and broadleaf weeds. The mode of action of herbicides is important for understanding the management, classification, organization, and hierarchy of the herbicides. Click on diagram to enlarge. 0000101464 00000 n Each aquatic life benchmark is based on the most sensitive, scientifically acceptable toxicity endpoint available to U.S. EPA for a given taxon. The most common fungicide modes of action are Respiration Inhibitors (C) and Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors (G). @QAAFI scientists have mapped the Hass avocados genome to understand why it is exceptional in tas https://t.co/C0lsj67gwG, Level 1 Maddocks House40 Macquarie Street,Barton ACT 2600, Herbicide Resistance Management Strategies, clodinafop (Topik), cyhalofop (Agixa*, Barnstorm), diclofop (Cheetah Gold* Decision*, Hoegrass), fenoxaprop (Cheetah, Gold*, Wildcat), fluazifop (Fusilade), haloxyfop (Verdict), propaquizafop (Shogun), quizalofop (Targa), butroxydim (Factor*), clethodim (Select), profoxydim (Aura), sethoxydim (Cheetah Gold*, Decision*), tralkoxydim (Achieve), imazamox (Intervix*, Raptor), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx*, Flame, Midas*, OnDuty*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress*, Intervix*, Lightning*, Midas* OnDuty*), imazethapyr (Lightning*, Spinnaker), bispyribac (Nominee), pyrithiobac (Staple), azimsulfuron (Gulliver), bensulfuron (Londax), chlorsulfuron (Glean), ethoxysulfuron (Hero), foramsulfuron (Tribute), halosulfuron (Sempra), iodosulfuron (Hussar), mesosulfuron (Atlantis), metsulfuron (Ally, Harmony* M, Stinger*, Trounce*, Ultimate Brushweed* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper*), rimsulfuron (Titus), sulfometuron (Oust, Eucmix Pre Plant*, Trimac Plus*), sulfosulfuron (Monza), thifensulfuron (Harmony* M), triasulfuron (Logran, Logran B-Power*), tribenuron (Express), trifloxysulfuron (Envoke, Krismat*), florasulam (Crest*, Gangster*, Paradigm*, Vortex*, XPand*), flumetsulam (Broadstrike, Thistrol Gold*), metosulam (Eclipse), oryzalin (Rout*, Surflan), pendimethalin (Freehand*, Stomp), prodiamine (Barricade), trifluralin (Bolta Duo*, Jetti Duo*, Treflan), dicamba (Banvel, Banvel M*, Barrel*, Casper*, Lawnweeder plus*, Lawn weedkiller*, Mecoban, Methar Tri-Kombi*, Nuturf Millennium*, Sandoban*), 2,4-D (Actril DS*, Amicide, Fallow Boss Tordon*, Methar Tri-Kombi*, Pyresta*, Vortex*), 2,4-DB (Trifolamine), dichlorprop (Lantana 600), MCPA (Agtryne MA*, Banvel M*, Barrel*, Basagran M60*, BuctrilMA*, Buffalo Pro Weedkiller*, Condor*, Flight*, Lawnweeder plus*, Lawn Weedkiller*, Midas*, Paragon*, Precept*, Quadrant*, Silverado*, Spearhead*, Thistrol Gold*, Tigrex*, Tordon242*, Triathlon*), MCPB (Legumine, Thistrol Gold*), mecoprop (Mecoban, Mecopropamine, MetharTriKombi*, Multiweed*). The total applied volume and area covered is greater but the frequency of application is much less than for farming (Shepard et al. 0000025743 00000 n 29798 Direct applications may result in direct toxicity to non-target plants and animals or indirect effects due to the death and decomposition of plants. Common herbicides used in Oklahoma winter wheat and their rotation restrictions for soybean. 0000122469 00000 n 0000089716 00000 n Welcome to FRAC Fungicides have become an integral part of efficient food production. Over-reliance on Learn more with our HRAC Mode of Action Classification 2022 Map, a helpful guide for finding herbicides by their mode of action. The extent to which these transport pathways occur depends upon several factors, including land cover, precipitation patterns, timing and rates of application and environmental persistence of the herbicides. Refer to the Mode of Action chart for more . Streibig JC, Kudsk P, Jensen JE (1998) A general joint action model for herbicide mixtures. Combating herbicide resistance relies on understanding herbicide Sites of Action (SOA). GROW is hiring! The IRAC Mode of Action (MoA) classification provides growers, advisors, extension staff, consultants and crop protection professionals with a guide to the selection of acaricides or insecticides for use in an effective and sustainable acaricide or insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy. Figure 5. %PDF-1.3 % Ultimately, these effects may result in changes in community structure (e.g., decreased richness, changes in functional feeding groups) and ecosystem function. 1. Evidence of the presence of herbicides at toxic levels includes dead, deformed, chlorotic or necrotic plants, or the absence of plants from a waterbody or the riparian zone (see Figure 4). Pesticide Science 53(1):21-28. 55007 514246571 PPO-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant populations of waterhemp have been confirmed -- WSSA group numbers can be found on many herbicide product labels and can be used as a tool to choose herbicides in different mode of action groups so mixtures or rotations of active ingredients can be planned to better manage weeds and reduce the potential for resistant species. However, Groups 2 and 9 have different SOA. The manual is revised annually offering a wealth of up-to-date and reliable information covering . 0000089829 00000 n 0000106262 00000 n What are the Different Modes of Action? 0 Its IUPAC name is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, its molecular formula is C 9 H 10 C l2 N 2O, and molecular weight is 233.1. Reviewed and re-issued periodically, the IRAC MoA Hayes TB, Stuart AA, Mendoza M, Collins A, Noriega N, Vonk A, Johnston G, Liu R, Kpodzo D (2006) Characterization of atrazine-induced gonadal malformations in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) and comparisons with effects of an androgen antagonist (cyproterone acetate) and exogenous estrogen (17B-estradiol): support for the demasculinization/feminization hypothesis. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. in Kansas. If you are unsure of the herbicides different chemical families within the same mode of action. The molecular site of action is challenging to predict because structural associations have not been identified (Duke 1990), but modes of action are well-established. These herbicides are also referred Dense submerged aquatic vegetation. Refer to Table 2 (pp. 0000152757 00000 n In streams, herbicides may be dissolved in the water column or bound to sediments, and their impact depends on the medium in which they occur. ALS inhibitors. As well, Italian ryegrass populations in Arkansas have been confirmed For example, aquatic vegetation is especially susceptible to herbicides, so may decrease in abundance and richness. and were developed to consistently organize herbicides based on their mode of action. One of the major causes of weed resistance is the overuse of the same herbicide (or similar herbicides with the same SOA) without sufficient herbicide rotation. uuid:5ca0d408-f831-8c4b-9fde-e8ceeda44aef of action in Oklahoma crop production. Mode of action Group 14. These numbers refer to a specific mode of action 3600 Haworth Dr., Suite 2 Raleigh, NC 27609 | 919.839.5700 | ncsoy@ncsoy.org/. As a result, the relative abundances of invertebrate feeding groups may shift. 0000125086 00000 n The site of action is a specific subset of the herbicide mode of action. A simple conceptual diagram, depicting pathways from sources to impairments, related to herbicides. Dewey SL (1986) Effects of the herbicide atrazine on aquatic insect community structure and emergence. to not only rotate herbicide active ingredients but also to rotate modes of action Herbicide site of action refers to the specific biochemical or biophysical process in the plant that the herbicide disrupts to interfere with plant growth and development processes. Scribner EA, Thurman EM, Zimmerman LR (2000) Analysis of selected herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water of the United States. For instance, tanking mixing two herbicides with different SOA, but only one of the herbicides will kill the weed, there is only one effective SOA. xmp.id:d0523843-3350-414f-8324-eb1e217e3231 0000123377 00000 n Irrigation ditches and row crop farming near streams provide opportunities for herbicides to enter streams . Continue to follow current integrated weed management strategies and rotation plans. OpenType - PS 12-14) for WSSA mode of action group numbers . For that use, the rate of application may be high and exposed streams are more likely to be of higher quality than agricultural or urban streams. So using dicamba plus glyphosate alone is exerting high selection pressure for resistance to dicamba. are also some products labeled for use in grass crops to control specific grass weeds. selecting the proper herbicide for each crop, diagnosing herbicide injury, and designing jfalkjones@ksu.edu, Tags: The North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual provides extension specialists and agents, researchers, and professionals in the agriculture industry with information on the selection, application, and safe and proper use of agricultural chemicals. PDF/X-1a:2001 10177 2-Amino-4-Methoxy, Herbicide Safety Relative to Common Targets in Plants and Mammals, United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,885,933 Fenderson Et Al, Date This Page Issued: 2/19/2020 Herbicides 52 READ the LABEL, Pesticides in Wyoming Groundwater, 200810, Herbicide Resistance Mode of Action Groups, Weed Control with Glyphosate Tank Mixed with Dicamba and [Dicamba & SAN 1269] in Glyphosate- Resistant Corn at Lamberton, MN in 2003, Effects of Conservation Practices on Mitigation of Pesticide Loss And, Oak Leaf Tatters a Chemical Connection? Figure 1. Growth Insect development is controlled by juvenile hormone and ecdysone, by directly perturbing cuticle formation/deposition or lipid . 7.504 A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Adobe InDesign CC 2015 (Macintosh) The conceptual diagram and other information also may be useful in Step 3: Evaluate Data from the Case. The amino acid synthesis inhibition mode of action includes herbicides from the following chemical families: sulfonylureas . to multiple chemical families within a single mode of action, is common with ALS inhibitors. 0000124369 00000 n trailer What are their Characteristics? DIN OT By knowing herbicide groups by their site of action (SOA) and herbicide effectiveness**, diversified herbicide programs can be developed. Most commonly, they enter surface water in runoff or leachate, but, because they have relatively low toxicity to fish and invertebrates (see Table 2). slancaster@ksu.edu, Mithila Jugulam, Weed Physiology Official websites use .gov U.S. EPA's goal is to add to these benchmarks annually. hormone-type herbicides in wheat, corn, sorghum, and pasture settings. Katherine Delbridge, CropLife Australia director - corporate affairs, explained the shift in national herbicide classification at the 2021 GRDC Grains Research Update in Adelaide. to include, it is also important to know and understand the herbicides mode of action Herbicide Mode of Action (MoA) classifications have been updated internationally to capture new active constituents and ensure the MoA classification system is globally relevant. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 2017-01-18T11:33-06:00 weed control and crop desiccation prior to harvest. Nerve & Muscle Most current insecticides act on nerve and muscle targets. If you have questions regarding 0000118714 00000 n However, herbicide-resistant and other non-target plants may increase in abundance with herbicide exposure, due to reduced competitive pressure from affected plants. Both of these herbicides are ALS inhibitors, but belong to UNV Viral agents (non-baculovirus) of unknown or uncertain MoA. Herbicides can also be classified by their site of action, or the specific biochemical Figure 1. When labels permit, make two (2) applications of a product or tank mix in sequence, then rotate to products with different modes of action to improve coverage on target life stages of the pest. Novel herbicide tetflupyrolimet from FMC Corporation granted a new mode of action classification Apr 8, 2021 Download PHILADELPHIA, April 8, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- FMC Corporation (NYSE: FMC), a leading agricultural sciences company, obtained a new mode of action classification for its proprietary herbicide molecule, tetflupyrolimet. Email. Selectivity on crops and weeds, behavior in the soil and . Try to avoid applying pesticides with the same mode of action to more than one generation of the pest per cycle. Repeated use of herbicides with the same site of action can result in herbicide-resistant weed populations. OpenType - PS Insecticides that act on these targets are generally fast acting. Is herbicide Mode of Action the same as Site of Action? 0 2330755113 however, glyphosate and ALS inhibitors control susceptible plants in completely different Environmental Pollution 157:237-249. USGS (2010) Glyphosate herbicide found in many midwestern streams, antibiotics not common. Possible changes in behavior include increased invertebrate drift and increased avoidance by fish. 0000101024 00000 n Site of Action Group* Site of Action No. imidazolinones (or IMIs) or sulfonylureas (or SUs), but there are three other Acute toxicity is likely only when they are deliberately or accidentally applied directly to water bodies. of action and include at least one herbicide used in nearly every crop produced in 3471242601 Figure 2. DIN OT Now that you understand the terms the structure of herbicide classification we will now go through a brief overview of the eight modes of actions. As Atrazine is part of the triazine chemical class which includes simazine and propazine due to their common mechanism of toxicity. **Refer to your local university herbicide recommendation book for information on herbicide effectiveness. In August 2021, EPA sought a voluntary partial remand in light of President Biden's . of action may be a general description of the injury symptoms seen on susceptible Herbicides also are used on rights of way for roads, pipelines, railroads and electrical transmission lines and for control of plants in cracks in pavements. 0000125233 00000 n Important herbicide group . At this time, there are no weeds in Oklahoma that have been instructions or product description in the label. Currently, Australia uses an alphabetical code to distinguish between herbicides. 0000096304 00000 n 0 19 July 2021. 0000004571 00000 n ways and should not be considered to be the same mode of action. CropLife Australias Resistance Management Strategies provide a guide for crop protection product rotation through product groups. Herbicides from very different chemical families may have the same mechanism of action. Refer to the APVMA website (www.apvma.gov.au) to obtain a complete list of registered products from the PUBCRIS database. New MOA classifications coming From July 2021, the agriculture industry will be transitioning to a NEW code system for differentiating mode of actions for herbicides. For a high resolution PDF of the Poster Click Here. Potential Nucleic Acid Inhibitors or 17 Non-descript mode of action xmp.did:893215F0092068118083BE644F7C0155 0 Sample page from the publication, "Herbicide Mode of Action", that discusses herbicide categories. Diamond GL, Durkin PR (1997) Effects of Surfactants on the Toxicity of Glyphosate, with Specific Reference to RODEO. Figure 7. False 2835246409 PPO inhibitors may also be referred to as cell membrane disruptors and are usually endstream endobj 6 0 obj <>]/Pages 1 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 7 0 obj <. 0000105256 00000 n All new works based on this websites resources will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use. wisconsincropmanager+unsubscribe@g-groups.wisc.edu (leave). Simply rotating 0000002254 00000 n Calendar designed to guide producers and agriculture professionals to manage alfalfa insect and disease problems. PostScript 0000206910 00000 n The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) has updated its Herbicide Mode of Action Classification System, which is a vital tool in developing sustainable weed control programs. The bioavailability, uptake, and toxicity of herbicides and their metabolites during these exposures depends on factors such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. HRAC has produced a poster of herbicide structures grouped by their mode of action. 0000124991 00000 n Conceptual diagrams are used to describe hypothesized relationships among sources, stressors and biotic responses within aquatic systems. This is often at an enzyme within a plant cell. Other modes of action widely used are chemicals with Multi-Site Activity (M) and Biologicals with Multiple Modes of Action (BM). be used as a non-selective burndown treatment or as an over-the-top postemergence photosynthesis, amino acid synthesis. This chart groups herbicides by their modes of action to assist you in selecting herbicides 1) to maintain greater diversity in herbicide use and 2) to rotate among herbicides with different sites of action to delay the development of herbicide resistance. Herbicides can act by inhibiting cell division, photosynthesis or amino acid production or by mimicking natural plant growth hormones, causing deformities (Ross and Childs 1996). The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Figure 4. The 2017 Herbicide Classification chart detailing herbicide site- and modes-of-action was recently released. synthesis inhibitors (mesotrione, isoxaflutole) are also referred to as HPPD-inhibitors, within a single mode of action. Over time, In order for this strategy to be effective, herbicides used in combination must belong to different sites of action AND be effective on the weed species. 74 0 obj <>stream application/pdf Lakes and reservoirs used for recreation are often treated for macrophyte control as well. Wheat Herbicide Rotation Restrictions to Soybean in Oklahoma, Weed Control in Pecans, Apples and Peaches, Oklahoma Alfalfa Management Calendar for Insects and Diseases, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In some cases, herbicides may be transported atmospherically in spray drift. In other cases, the mode 835561466 DIN OT resulting in herbicides that are no longer effective for weed control. Acute and chronic benchmarks are provided for fish, invertebrates and aquatic plants. Presently metabolites of triazines, chloroacetanilides, phenyl ureas and the phosphanoglycine glyphosate have been measured (Scribner et al. -- effective ways to rotate herbicide modes of action is through crop rotation. The mode-of-action is the overall manner in which a herbicide affects a plant at the tissue or cellular level. Apply herbicides that include multiple sites of action Apply herbicides in tank-mixed, prepackaged or sequential mixtures that include multiple sites of action. front of the herbicide label. a single herbicide active ingredient or mode of action places heavy selection pressure Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 38:13-24. 0000124516 00000 n All crop protection products must be handled and applied strictly as specified on the product label or APVMA permits. Effects can be observed as discoloration of foliage and deformations in new growth. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS There are many varieties of herbicides that help to manage weeds in different ways. For example, acrolein has been applied to irrigation ditches at levels sufficient to be acutely lethal to fish and invertebrates (see acrolein in U.S. EPA 2009), and if not properly applied to fields it can cause kills in receiving waters. There are currently 515 unique cases (species x site of action) of herbicide resistant weeds globally, with 267 species (154 dicots and 113 monocots). Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv (common name: barnyard grass) is a major weed in rice-growing areas and has evolved resistance to multiple herbicides. Herbicides in this mode of action are soil-applied herbicides and control weeds that Because herbicides tend to affect plants more quickly and severely than animals, the most useful biological sign of herbicides is effects on aquatic plants (Kreutzweiser et al. 0000001696 00000 n used, the weeds it will control, the appropriate rate, and any necessary adjuvants Additionally, if abundant, healthy and diverse periphyton and macrophytes are observed in a stream (see Figure 5) it is unlikely that herbicides are responsible for the impairment. Fish and Wildlife Service, US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PARAQUAT CONCENTRATE,12/30, PESTICIDES and METABOLITES 1 Item No. Weed control basics for preemergence and postemergence herbicide principles in fruit tree crops. 357120380 5 0 obj <> endobj manufacturer or contact your county agricultural Extension educator for more information. 0000190627 00000 n 0000104818 00000 n 0000115094 00000 n Also applied to control woody plants. For example, Herbicide Groups 2 and 9 are both Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors, which means their MOA is to shut down amino acids necessary for protein synthesis and ultimately plant growth. 1 Please see the link to the PDF file on this page. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale MD. Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items. Specific guidelines for Group 10 herbicides; Various - Western Flower Thrips; Specific guidelines for Group . 1998), Life cycle chronic value of 3,536 ug/L (highest chronic value) (U.S. EPA 2003), Life cycle chronic value of 88.32 ug/L (lowest chronic value) (U.S.EPA 2003), Inhibition of phytoplankton, periphyton or macrophytes, Reduced invertebrate species richness and abundance, Reduction of sensitive species and abundance of tolerant species, Kegley SE, Hill BR, Orme S, Choi AH (2010). label to determine the mode of action and best management practices for herbicide-resistant Refer to the Mode of Action chart on the left for more information. Agricultural use of herbicides in 2001 in millions of acres. 3471242601 Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), GROW is Hiring a Post-Doctoral Researcher, How a National Image Repository Can Transform Agriculture, The Ag Image Repository: A First Step in Accessible Precision Ag, Weed Science Society of America www.WSSA.net, Take Action Herbicide-Resistance Management.

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